28 Sep
2026
Flexibility and participation: when consumers become part of the system
The power sector is no longer a chain in which a few produce while many simply consume. The challenge is creating rules that turn consumer participation…
Articles
Analysis, essays and explainers on regulation, public policy and regulated sectors.
28 Sep
2026
Digital Regulation and Artificial IntelligenceEssay
The adaptive regulator: institutional capacity in the age of artificial intelligence
Technology changes fast, but the regulatory problem is not simply keeping up with every new development. The challenge is building institutions that can learn, test, correct…
28 Sep
2026
Regulatory independence: when formal autonomy is not enough
A regulator can be independent on paper yet lack the means to decide autonomously. The difference lies in the institutional capacity to carry out, day after…
03 Nov
2024
Regulation in Crisis: How to Make Decisions That Benefit Society
When consumers, companies, and government collide, should the regulator defend only consumers or seek balance? Examples from energy, telecommunications, water and sanitation, and banking make the…
12 Oct
2024
The Cost of Obedience: When Courts Order and Consumers Pay
A court order required ANEEL to approve, on a compressed timetable, the transfer of a troubled Amazon utility. When a regulator cannot assess the impacts, consumers…
03 Oct
2024
Regulatory Impact AssessmentAnalysis
The Regulatory Impact Assessment Gap in Brazil’s Executive Decrees
Brazil's Decree 10,411/2020 requires regulatory impact assessment but excludes presidential decrees. As a result, high-impact rules, such as the one on electricity distribution concessions, take effect…
18 Sep
2024
Regulatory Design and QualityAnalysis
Brazil’s National Strategy for Regulatory Improvement: A Step Toward Regulatory Quality, but Also Toward Greater Control?
The Regula Melhor Strategy sets a ten-year agenda for better regulation. By assigning the Executive Branch a central role in monitoring implementation, however, it could also…